Excess Oxygen Supply for Different Time Periods Affect Energy Metabolism in Rat Alveolar Epithelial Type Ⅱ Cells / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To observe the effect of excess oxygen supply for different time periods on the mitochondrial energy metabolism in alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells. Methods Rat RLE-6TN cells were assigned into a control group (21% O2 for 4 h) and excess oxygen supply groups (95% O2 for 1,2,3,and 4 h,res-pectively).The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V,and the mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by luciferase assay,micro-assay,and fluorescent probe JC-1,respectively.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1),cytochrome b (Cytb),cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COXI),and adenosine triphosphatase 6 (ATPase6) in the core subunits of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ,respectively. Results Compared with the control group,excess oxygen supply for 1,2,3,and 4 h down-regulated the mRNA levels of ND1 (q=24.800,P<0.001;q=13.650,P<0.001;q=9.869,P<0.001;q=20.700,P<0.001),COXI (q=16.750,P<0.001;q=10.120,P<0.001;q=8.476,P<0.001;q=14.060,P<0.001),and ATPase6 (q=22.770,P<0.001;q=15.540,P<0.001;q=12.870,P<0.001;q=18.160,P<0.001).Moreover,excess oxygen supply for 1 h and 4 h decreased the ATPase activity (q=9.435,P<0.001;q=11.230,P<0.001) and ATP content (q=5.615,P=0.007;q=5.029,P=0.005).The excess oxygen supply for 2 h and 3 h did not cause significant changes in ATPase activity (q=0.156,P=0.914;q=3.197,P=0.116) and ATP content (q=0.859,P=0.557;q=1.273,P=0.652).There was no significant difference in mitochondrial membrane potential among the groups (F=0.303,P=0.869). Conclusion Short-term excess oxygen supply down-regulates the expression of the core subunits of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and reduces the activity of ATPase,leading to the energy metabolism disorder of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells.

China experts' consensus on preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatments of malocclusions of children / 华西口腔医学杂志

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.

Expression of endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor in neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A PVL model of 3-day-old Wistar rats was prepared by left carotid artery ligation followed by 6% oxygen for 4 hours. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of hypoxia ischemia (HI), and the brain tissues were sampled. Real-Time PCR and Western blot methods were applied to analyze the expression of LIF mRNA and protein. Double staining immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of LIF and GFAP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 1, 3 and 7 days of HI, LIF protein level in the PVL group was higher than in the control group (P<0.01). In the PVL group, the LIF protein level on the third day after HI reached a peak and was higher than the other time points (P<0.01). The change of LIF mRNA expression showed the same tendency with LIF protein. The double staining immunofluorescence showed a co-expression of LIF and GFAP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LIF mRNA and LIF protein expression in astrocytes show a trend of initial increase followed by steady decline in neonatal rats with PVL, suggesting that endogenous LIF may participate in the repair of PVL.</p>

Changes and roles of VEGF and VCAM-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of children with viral encephalitis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Vascular endothelial cell injury contributes to the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis. This study was designed to investigate the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis and in the evaluation of the severity and the prognosis of viral encephalitis in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CSF VEGF and VCAM-1 levels were measured using ELISA in 65 children with viral encephalitis and 20 age-matched controls (10 cases of epilepsy and 10 cases of congenital abnormality).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CSF levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 in the viral encephalitis group in the acute phase were significantly elevated compared with those in the congenital abnormality (P<0.01) and the epilepsy groups (P<0.05). CSF levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 in the viral encephalitis group in the recovery phase decreased significantly and were similar to the levels of the epilepsy group, but remained higher than those in the congenital abnormality group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between CSF levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 in the viral encephalitis group in the acute and recovery phases. CSF levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 were positively correlated to CSF protein contents and the degree of MRI abnormality in the viral encephalitis group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VEGF and VCAM-1 may participate in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis. Detection of the two parameters may be helpful to the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of viral encephalitis.</p>

Pancherz's analysis in evaluating the treatment effects of headgear-activator on skeletal Class II divison 1 malocclusion / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of headgear-activator (HGAC) combination appliances on bone and dentition of juveniles with Class II division 1 malocclusion using Pancherz's analysis approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen patients (8 males of 10-13 years old and 7 females of 9-12 years old, average age was 11.2 years old, ANB > or = 5 degrees, overjet > or =6 mm, Class II molar relation) were treated with HGAC appliance for more than 14 hours everyday and for total of 8-10 months cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. The data was analyzed with Pancherz's analysis and pare t test (SPSS 11.5 software).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the therapy, SNA and ANB angles reduced, the change of SNB angle was trivial, pg/OLP was forward movement. The axial inclination of the lower incisors increased and of the upper incisor reduced. Overjet of the incisors was improved, in which skeletal factor was improved to 44.64% and dentition factor was 55.36%. The first molar on the mandible was forward movement. Molar relationship was also improved, in which skeletal factor was improved to 65.65%, and dentition factor was 34.35%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HGAC can efficaciously treat Class II division 1 malocclusion with maxillary protrusion, stimulate modification of the mandibular condyle and fossa, and promote the development of the mandibles. Dentition was improved more than skeletal on overjet, and skeletal was improved more than dentition on molar relationship.</p>